HMR Project: History of Music & Modern Recording

Swing Master Johnny Hodges

Birth of Swing Jazz: Johnny Hodges

Johnny Hodges

Source: Michihisa Ishikawa


Born on 25 July 1906 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Johnny Hodges, clarinet and alto sax, is largely associated with Duke Ellington, both as a composer and musician. Hodges first played professionally as a kid, performing piano for eight dollars an evening. He was playing soprano sax by the time he was teenager and was making a local name for himself around Boston when he moved to New York City in 1924.

After an unissued recording with Chick Webb in 1926 Hodges joined Ellington's Washingtonians in 1928. He is thought to have first recorded with Ellington on June 25 that year per two tracks each of 'What a Life' (unissued), 'Yellow Dog Blues' and 'Tishomingo Blues' (Brunswick 3987). Ellington had been running his band for about four years. Hodges attended above a thousand sessions during his career, most of them with Ellington excepting 1951-55 when he led his own orchestra. He would spend his first quarter century in Ellington's organization working with drummer, Sonny Greer, until the latter departed Ellington in 1951. Per below are several titles with Ellington during Hodges' first year with him in 1928, followed by 'It's Like Reaching for the Moon' gone down in 1936 with the Teddy Wilson Orchestra backing Billie Holiday.

 

'Yellow Dog Blues'   Johnny Hodges w Ellington's Washingtonians

Hodges' first recording to see issue

25 June 1928 in NYC   Matrix E27771-A   Brunswick 3987 / 6802 / 80049

Trumpet: Arthur Whetsel / Bubber Miley / Louis Metcalf

Trombone: Joe Nanton

Clarinet / sax: Barney Bigard / Johnny Hodges / Harry Carney

Piano: Ellington   Banjo: Fred Guy   Bass: Wellman Braud   Drums: Sonny Greer

Composition: WC Handy

 

'Diga Diga Doo'   Johnny Hodges w Ellington and His Orchestra

10 July 1928 in NYC   Matrix W400859-B   Okeh 8602

Trumpet: Bubber Miley / Arthur Whetsel   Trombone: Joe Nanton

Clarinet / sax: Johnny Hodges / Barney Bigard / Harry Carney

Piano / arrangement: Ellington   Banjo: Fred Guy   Bass: Wellman Braud

Drums: Sonny Greer   Vocal: Irving Mills

Music: Jimmy McHugh   Lyrics: Dorothy Fields   1928

 

'The Mooche'   Johnny Hodges w Ellington and His Orchestra

1 Oct 1928 in NYC   Matrix W401175-A   Okeh 8623

Trumpet: Bubber Miley / Arthur Whetsel   Trombone: Joe Nanton

Clarinet / sax: Barney Bigard / Johnny Hodges / Harry Carney

Piano: Ellington   Banjo: Fred Guy   Bass: Wellman Braud

Drums: Sonny Greer   Vocal: Baby Cox

Composition: Ellington / Irving Mills

 

'Hot and Bothered'   Johnny Hodges w Ellington and His Orchestra

1 Oct 1928 in NYC   Matrix W401177-A   Okeh 8623

Trumpet: Bubber Miley / Arthur Whetsel   Trombone: Joe Nanton

Clarinet / sax: Barney Bigard / Johnny Hodges / Harry Carney

Piano: Ellington   Banjo: Fred Guy   Bass: Wellman Braud

Drums: Sonny Greer   Vocal: Baby Cox

Composition: Ellington

 

'I Must Have That Man'   Johnny Hodges w Ellington and His Cotton Club Orchestra

15 Nov 1928 in NYC   Matrix 48168-1   Victor V38007

Trumpet: Bubber Miley / Freddy Jenkins / Arthur Whetsel   Trombone: Joe Nanton

Clarinet / sax: Barney Bigard / Johnny Hodges / Harry Carney

Piano: Ellington   Banjo: Fred Guy

Bass: Wellman Braud   Drums: Sonny Greer

Music: Jimmy McHugh   Lyrics: Dorothy Fields   1928

 

'It's Like Reaching for the Moon'   Johnny Hodges w Teddy Wilson and His Orchestra

30 June 1936 in NYC   Matrix B19495-2   Brunswick 7702

Trumpet: Jonah Jones   Alto sax: Hodges   Clarinet / baritone sax: Harry Carney

Piano: Wilson   Guitar: Lawrence "Larry" Lucie

Bass: John Kirby   Drums: Cozy Cole   Vocal: Billie Holiday

Composition: Al Lewis / Gerald Marqusee / Al Sherman

 

Hodges had first recorded as a band leader in New York City on May 20, 1937, 'Peckin' with piano by Ellington and vocal by Buddy Clark among tracks documented that day:

 

'A Sailboat In the Moonlight'   Johnny Hodges and His Orchestra

20 May 1937 in NYC   Matrix 21187-1   Variety 586

Trumpet: Cootie Williams   Alto sax: Hodges / Otto Hardwick

Clarinet / tenor sax: Barney Bigard  Baritone sax: Harry Carney

Piano: Duke Ellington   Guitar: Fred Guy

Bass: Hayes Alvis   Drums: Sonny Greer   Vocal: Buddy Clark

Composition: Carmen Lombardo / John Jacob Loeb

 

'Peckin''   Johnny Hodges and His Orchestra

20 May 1937 in NYC   1 of 3 takes issued on either FDC 1022 or Raretone RTE23005

Trumpet: Cootie Williams   Alto sax: Hodges / Otto Hardwick

Clarinet / tenor sax: Barney Bigard  Baritone sax: Harry Carney

Piano: Duke Ellington   Guitar: Fred Guy

Bass: Hayes Alvis   Drums: Sonny Greer   Vocal: Cootie Williams et al

Composition: Ben Pollack / Harry James

Recorded the same year by both Benny Goodman and Cab Calloway

 

Ellington contributed piano and backed Hodges' bands numerously throughout the decades to come, including Hodges' first recording of 'Passion Flower' in 1941, a title composed by Billy Strayhorn. 'Passion Flower' got rendered often for the next thirty years by Hodges with Ellington, appears on Hodges' album, 'Creamy' of 1955, and has been popular to cover ever since. Among numerous titles composed by Hodges, 'Going Out the Back Way' reached #10 on Billboard's R&B in 1944 [Music VF], recorded by Hodges and his orchestra with 'Passion Flower' in 1941. 'Castle Rock' by Al Sears banged the bell at #4 of Billboard's R&B in September of 1951, performed by Hodges and his orchestra. Leroy Lovett's 'A Pound of Blues' also reached #4 on Billboard's R&B, recorded by the Hodges orchestra.

 

'Passion Flower'   Johnny Hodges and His Orchestra

3 July 1941 in Hollywood   Matrix 061347-1 issued on Bluebird 30-0817 in 1944

Trumpet: Ray Nance

Composition: Billy Strayhorn

 

'Goin' Out the Back Way'   Johnny Hodges and His Orchestra

3 July 1941 in Hollywood   Matrix 061349-1 issued on Bluebird 30-0817 in 1944

Trumpet: Ray Nance

Composition: Hodges

 

Per above, Hodges concentrated on his own orchestra from 1951 to 1955 during which time his initial vinyl album appeared in 1952 per 'Collates' containing 'Castle Rock' gone down on 3 March 1951 and 'A Pound of Blues' following on 13 January 1952. Hodges returned to Ellington's operation in time for the 1956 Newport Jazz Festival that summer. Hodges hung with Ellington the remainder of his career. His last recording project as a leader arrived in March of 1970 to put away his album, 'Three Shades of Blue'. He continued with Ellington into April of 1970 to contribute to 'New Orleans Suite'. This was Ellington's eighth studio album and Hodges' final since he died between its first and last of two recording sessions. Giving his last performance at the Imperial Room in Toronto, Ontario, he died of heart attack at the dentist several days later on 11 May 1970. One may note Hodges' composure as he delivers titles in visual media below. This virtuosic performer of swing jazz had an even cooler stage presence than Ellington, rippling beautiful melodies while yet looking only distracted while passing time waiting for a bus.

 

'Collates'   Album by Johnny Hodges and His Orchestra

'Containing 'Castle Rock' and 'A Pound of Blues'

15 Jan 1951 / 3 March 1951 / 13 Jan 1952 / 17 Jan 1952   Clef Records MGC111

Trumpet: Emmett Berry   Trombone: Lawrence Brown

Alto sax: Hodges   Tenor sax: Al Sears

Clarinet / tenor sax: Barney Bigard  Baritone sax: Harry Carney

Piano: Billy Strayhorn / Leroy Lovett

Bass: Lloyd Trotman   Drums: Sonny Greer

 

'Creamy'   Album by Johnny Hodges and His Orchestra

8 Sep 1955 in NYC   Norgran MGN1045

Trumpet: Clark Terry   Trombone: Lawrence Brown

Alto sax: Hodges   Clarinet / tenor sax: Jimmy Hamilton   Baritone sax: Harry Carney

Piano: Billy Strayhorn   Bass: Jimmy Woode   Drums: Sonny Greer

 

'Cherry'   Album by Johnny Hodges and His Orchestra

From the album 'Cue for Saxophone' recorded 14 April 1959 in NYC   Felsted FAJ7008

Trumpet: Harold "Shorty" Baker   Trombone: Quentin Jackson

Clarinet: Russell Procope   Alto sax: Hodges as Cue Porter

Piano: Billy Strayhorn   Bass: Al Hall   Drums: Oliver Jackson

Composition: Don Redman / Ray Gilbert

 

'All of Me'   Johnny Hodges w Ellington and His Orchestra

Filmed live 9 Oct 1959 at the Kongreßhaus in Zürich, Switzerland   LOC

Trumpet: Cat Anderson / Clark Terry / Andres Merenguito / Ray Nance

Trombone: Britt Woodman / Quentin Jackson / Booty Wood

Clarinet / various sax: Russell Procope / Jimmy Hamilton / Harry Carney

Alto sax: Hodges   Tenor sax: Paul Gonsalves

Piano: Ellington   Bass: Jimmy Woode   Drums: Jimmy Johnson

Composition: Gerald Marks / Seymour Simons   1931

 

'Passion Flower'   Johnny Hodges w Ellington and His Orchestra

TV-Byen television broadcast on 23 Jan 1967 in Copenhagen, Denmark

Composition: Billy Strahorn

 

Medley: 'Black Butterfly' / 'Things Ain't What They Used to Be' / 'Laying On Mellow'

Johnny Hodges w Ellington and His Orchestra

Filmed live 25 Nov 1969 at Colston Hall in Bristol, England

 'Black Butterfly': Duke Ellington / Irving Mills / Ben Carruthers   1936

'Things Ain't What They Used to Be': Mercer Ellington / Ted Persons   1942

'Laying On Mellow': David M. Ellingson

 

'Three Shades of Blue'   Johnny Hodges w Leon Thomas and Oliver Nelson

Johnny Hodges last name recordings

Album recorded 17 /19 March 1970 in NYC   Flying Dutchman FDS120

Trumpet: Ernie Royal / Marvin Stamm / Randy Brecker / Snooky Young

Trombone: Al Grey / Quentin Jackson / Garnett Brown / Tom Mitchell

Various reed: Bob Ashton / Jerome Richardson / Danny Bank / Jerry Dodgion / Joe Farrell

Alto sax: Hodges   Piano: Hank Jones   Bass: Ron Carter   Drums: Grady Tate

Arrangements / conducting: Oliver Nelson   Vocals: Leon Thomas

 

'Blues for New Orleans'   Johnny Hodges w Ellington and His Orchestra

From the album 'New Orleans Suite' recorded 27 April & 13 May 1970 in NYC

Hodges is missing from the 13 May session as he died on 11 May 1970

Trumpet: Harold "Money" Johnson / Cootie Williams / Mercer Ellington / Alan Rubin / Fred Stone

Trombone: Booty Wood / Julian Priester / Malcolm Taylor

 Clarinet / various sax: Russell Procope / Norris Turney / Harry Carney

Alto sax: Hodges   Tenor sax: Paul Gonsalves

Piano / arrangement: Ellington   Organ: Wild Bill Davis

Bass: Joe Benjamin   Drums: Rufus Jones

Composition: Ellington

 

Sources & References for Johnny Hodges:

All Music (Scott Yanow)

Browse Biography

Encyclopedia

Gar McVey-Russell

James Nadal (All About Jazz)

Syncopated Times (Scott Yanow)

VF History (notes)

Wikipedia

Compositions: Music VF   SecondHandSongs

Film / Television: IMDb

Interviews:

June 1962 (Hodges w Harry Carney by Don DeMichael for Downbeat)

Unknown (Hodges describes his musical life from childhood to joining Ellington)

Recordings: Catalogs:

45 Worlds   Discogs   RYM   Wikipedia

Recordings: Compilations:

Passion Flower 1940-46 (Bluebird 1995)

The Stanley Dance Sessions (1959/61 on Lone Hill Jazz LHJ10191 / 2005)

Recordings: Select:

New Orleans Suite / Duke Ellington / Atlantic SD1580 / 1971:

All Music   Discogs

Recordings: Sessions:

DAHR (Johnny Hodges 1928-59)

DAHR (Johnny Hodges and His Orchestra 40-41)

Tom Lord: leading 116 of 1038 sessions 1927-70

Saxophones Used by Hodges: Bassic Sax Blog   Sax on the Web

Further Reading:

Whitney Balliett (Jazz Profiles)

Donald Clarke (Music Box)

Joe Maita (Interview with Con Chapman, author of Rabbit’s Blues / 5 January 2020)

Marc Myers (Hodges and Wild Bill Davis)

New England Public Radio

Bibliography:

Rabbit’s Blues: The Life and Music of Johnny Hodges by Con Chapman / Oxford University Press / 2019:

Steven Cerra   Con Chapman   Thomas Cunniffe   Google Books

Authority Search: VIAF 

 

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